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The Khyber Pass is an ancient passage into the Indian subcontinent, Throughout history it has been an important trade route between Central Asia and South Asia and a strategic military location.In some versions of the Aryan migration theory, the Indo-Aryans migrated to India via the Khyber Pass.

Recorded invasions through the Khyber begin with the conquests of Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, Mahmood Ghaznavi, Zaheer uddin Babar followed by the British Empire. The British invaded Afghanistan from India and fought three Afghan Wars. George Molesworth, a member of the British forces of 1919, summarised: "Every stone in the Khyber has been soaked in blood".

Throughout the centuries the Pashtun clans, particularly the Afridis and the Afghan Shinwaris, have regarded the Pass as their own preserve and have levied a toll on travellers for safe conduct. This mountainous region is peopled by hardy tribal Pathans. The area of the Khyber Pass has been connected with a counterfeit arms industry, making various types of weapons known to gun collectors as Khyber Pass Copies using local steel and Blacksmith forges.